WHAT ARE YELLOW TEETH? AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

There are many reasons for yellow teeth. One such condition that we are discussing today is AMELOGENESIS imperfecta.

Before going into its detail let me explain the structure of teeth. Teeth contain 2 protective layers above the central vital portion (which is called pulp which contains nerves accompanied by blood vessels).

The 2 layers are called Enamel and Dentin. Enamel is the outermost layer of teeth and is usually white in color with more translucency. In addition to it, the second layer is dentin which is present beyond the enamel and is yellow in color.

The yellowish hue of teeth is dependent on the thickness of enamel. The thicker the enamel, the more is its white color, as the translucency of enamel decreases and vice versa. Hence one reason for yellow teeth can be because of THIN ENAMEL.

Reference

AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA (AI) is a rare genetic disorder that runs in families. It is characterized by the improper formation of enamel over dentin. As a result, the teeth appear yellow in color.

Also read: THE DARK SIDE OF TEETH WHITENING – EXPOSED

REASON FOR YELLOW TEETH FROM AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

In most cases, AI is related to genetic mismatch which usually occurs in the case of consanguinity. Yes! If parents are relatives and have the same genetic setup, then the chance of AI in their siblings is more. These cases are usually seen in South Asian countries like India, where consanguineous marriages are more.

In addition to it, the other reasons might include a mutation in genes coding for certain proteins like enamelin ameloblastin, and amelogenin can result in altered or improper formation of enamel.

TYPES OF AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

To understand various types of AI, let us know how enamel forms on teeth. The description given below is for the basic understanding of the concept of AI for a common man.

Usually, enamel formation occurs in 3 phases. The first phase is the FORMATIVE PHASE, where the enamel matrix or organic matrix will form at the time of the formation of teeth.

Obviously, a thin matrix results in thin enamel formation. Such condition is seen in HYPOPLASTIC VARIANT OF AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECT.

The second stage is the CALCIFICATION PHASE, where mineralization of this enamel matrix with calcium and phosphorus occurs.

Moreover, any effect on teeth at this stage can result in HYPOCALCIFIED AMELOGENESIS imperfecta.

As the calcification or mineralization does not occur properly, there is more chance that this enamel can be easily chipped off leaving the rough and rugged dentinal surface exposed.

Also read: CHIPPED TOOTH-BEST TREATMENT OPTIONS

The third stage is the MATURATION PHASE, where the calcified crystals enlarge and fuse to one another to form an even enamel surface with specific thickness and strength.

Sadly, improper maturation phase can result in areas of hypomaturation resulting in irregular calcified areas on the tooth surface. This is the HYPOMATURATION VARIANT OF AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA.

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

Usually patient with a severe expression of AI will lose their tooth structure within a few years of eruption. The treatment plan for AI depends on its type. Hence after diagnosis of AI, it is better to consult your dentist for a detailed treatment plan.

Also read: TARTAR ON TEETH. HOW DO I MANAGE DENTAL CALCULUS?

During the dental visit, your dentist might check your teeth for any abnormality. He may assess the longevity of your teeth. Teeth with a poor prognosis might be removed.

Teeth with good to moderate response may require a root canal with a crown. This helps in protecting the remaining tooth structure and the tooth survival rate can be increased.

Also read Signs of infection after a root canal.

HOW CAN I JUDGE THE PROGNOSIS OF TEETH IN AI

Teeth with Questionable prognosis are usually more brittle and have already lost some portion. Such teeth cannot survive for longer duration.

The structure of such teeth will wash out slowly resulting in complete loss of teeth. Early intervention of such teeth is vital in increasing the longevity of teeth.

This can obviously increase the survival rate of such teeth. Hence i recommend every patient with AI have a thorough checkup at the earliest possible.

In addition it, If you like the post, please do share it with your friends. Sharing is caring. In case of doubt or questions feel free to comment below. It  will be my pleasure to answer your questions

Dr. Kiran

Oral physician & Consultant Oral radiologist

“Denta digest” – a blog on Oral diseases & Dental problems” is the brainchild of Dr. Sai Kiran MDS. As an Oral medicine expert and a consultant oral radiologist, he is good at diagnosis & treatment planning. Dr.Kiran has many national & international publications to his credit. Read more about him on the “about me” page.